New acquisitions - week 38 2016

Week 38 2016

Articles

Africa
(Un)solving global challenges : African short stories, literary awards and the question of audience / Shirin Edwin. - (Abstract available)
In: Journal of African Cultural Studies : (2016), vol. 28, no. 3, p. 359-371
ASC Subject Headings: Africa ; literary prizes ; short stories
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2016.1146575 (Restricted access)

Africa
Afropolitanism as critical consciousness : Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's and Teju Cole's internet presence / Miriam Pahl. -
In: Journal of African Cultural Studies : (2016), vol. 28, no. 1, p. 73-87
ASC Subject Headings: Africa ; diasporas ; Internet ; prose ; social media ; writers
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2015.1123143 (Restricted access)

Africa
Beyond Négritude : black cultural citizenship and the Arab question in FESTAC 77 / Andrew Apter. -
In: Journal of African Cultural Studies : (2016), vol. 28, no. 3, p. 312-326 : foto
ASC Subject Headings: Africa ; festivals ; Negritude ; Nigeria
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2015.1113126 (Restricted access)

Africa
Contemporary conversations: Afropolitanism : reboot / Carli Coetzee. -
In: Journal of African Cultural Studies : (2016), vol. 28, no. 3, p. 101-126
ASC Subject Headings: Africa ; African identity ; diasporas
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2016.1146575 (Restricted access)

Africa
Cosmopolitanism with African roots : Afropolitanism's ambivalent mobilities / Susanne Gehrmann. -
In: Journal of African Cultural Studies : (2016), vol. 28, no. 1, p. 61-72
ASC Subject Headings: Africa ; African identity ; diasporas ; ethics ; mobility ; prose
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2015.1112770 (Restricted access)

Africa
Ethnomusicology, world music and analysis in African music / Tony Lewis. -
In: The Australasian Review of African Studies : (2016), vol. 37, no. 1, p. 95-117
ASC Subject Headings: Africa ; anthropology ; music ; musicology

Africa
Preventive arbitration : towards strenghening the African Union's mediation capacity for human protection / Obinna Franklin Ifediora. -
In: The Australasian Review of African Studies : (2016), vol. 37, no. 1, p. 21-51
ASC Subject Headings: Africa ; African Union ; conflict prevention ; international arbitration

Africa
The politics of Afropolitanism / Amatoritsero Ede. -
In: Journal of African Cultural Studies : (2016), vol. 28, no. 1, p. 88-100
ASC Subject Headings: Africa ; African identity ; diasporas
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2015.1132622 (Restricted access)

Africa
Sit-tight syndrome and tenure elongation in African politics / Ayodeji Olukoju. -
In: Lagos Historical Review : (2014), vol. 14, p. 117-134
ASC Subject Headings: Africa ; democracy ; heads of State ; political conditions

Africa
The African Students Association of America and Canada, 1941-1945 / Marika Sherwood. -
In: Lagos Historical Review : (2014), vol. 14, p. 23-54
ASC Subject Headings: Africa ; educational exchanges ; foreign students ; Nigeria ; political history ; student movements ; United States

Democratic Republic of Congo
Sexual violence in the Congo Free State : archival traces and present reconfigurations / Charlotte Mertens. -
In: The Australasian Review of African Studies : (2016), vol. 37, no. 1, p. 6-20
ASC Subject Headings: Belgium ; colonial history ; Congo Free State ; Democratic Republic of Congo ; sexual offences

Democratic Republic of Congo
Leadership of university women for development in the Democratic Republic of Congo : a critical reflection / Jacqueline Nembe Songu Luhahi. -
In: African and Asian Studies : (2015), vol. 14, no. 3, p. 189-209
ASC Subject Headings: academics ; Democratic Republic of Congo ; development ; leadership ; women
http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341340 (Restricted access)

Ethiopia
Decentralization and primary education service delivery : an assessment of two woredas in the Oromo nationality zone, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia / M. Venkataraman, Eyob Keno. -
In: African and Asian Studies : (2015), vol. 14, no. 3, p. 165-188
ASC Subject Headings: community participation ; decentralization ; education ; Ethiopia ; social services
http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341339 (Restricted access)

Ghana
Patriarchy, spirituality, and power : an examination of gender division in Asante history in the former Gold Coast during the Trans-Atlantic slave trade era / Emma Kathryn Cleveland. -
In: African and Asian Studies : (2015), vol. 14, no. 3, p. 210-225
ASC Subject Headings: Akan ; Ghana ; leadership ; masculinity ; social status ; women
http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341341 (Restricted access)

Ghana
Urban impacts of resource booms: the emergence of oil-led gentrification in Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana / Alexander Eduful, Michael Hooper. -
In: Urban Forum : (2015), vol. 26, no. 3, p. 283-302 : krt, tab
ASC Subject Headings: Ghana ; petroleum ; urban development ; urban renewal
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-015-9257-5 (Restricted access)

Kenya
Centralised revenue redistribution as a potential cause of internal conflict in Kenya / Laila Abdul Latif. -
In: Modern Africa : (2016), vol. 4, no. 1, p. 91-105 : tab
ASC Subject Headings: Kenya ; regional disparity ; revenue allocation ; towns

Morocco
Po(o)pular culture: measuring the 'shit' in Moroccan music festivals / Moulay Driss El Maarouf. -
In: Journal of African Cultural Studies : (2016), vol. 28, no. 3, p. 327-342 : foto's
ASC Subject Headings: bodily wastes ; festivals ; Morocco ; wastes
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2016.1160826 (Restricted access)

Nigeria
Nature and environmentalism of the poor : eco-poetry from the Niger Delta region of Nigeria / Sule Emmanuel Egya. -
In: Journal of African Cultural Studies : (2016), vol. 28, no. 1, p. 1-12
ASC Subject Headings: environment ; Nigeria ; poetry ; political action
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2015.1083848 (Restricted access)

Nigeria
Poverty and terrorism in northern Nigeria : reflections and notes on the manipulation of the "Almajirai" system and its implication for national development / Emmanuel Osewe Akubor. -
In: Modern Africa : (2016), vol. 4, no. 1, p. 7-33 : tab
ASC Subject Headings: colonial history ; educational history ; Islamic education ; Nigeria ; Northern Nigeria ; social conditions ; terrorism

Nigeria
Research support and open access : notes from Nigeria / Noah Oluwafemi Samuel. -
In: African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science : (2016), vol. 26, no. 1, p. 17-29 : tab
ASC Subject Headings: access to information ; Nigeria ; public finance ; research

Nigeria
The opportunism of political music culture in democratic Nigeria / Garhe Osiebe. -
In: Journal of African Cultural Studies : (2016), vol. 28, no. 1, p. 13-27 : ill
ASC Subject Headings: music history ; Nigeria ; popular music
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2015.1069177 (Restricted access)

Nigeria
Politics without commerce? : explaining the discontinuity in Soviet-Nigerian relations, 1971-1979 / Ehimika A. Ifidon, Charles O. Osarumwense. -
In: African and Asian Studies : (2015), vol. 14, no. 4, p. 289-314 : tab
ASC Subject Headings: 1970-1979 ; arms trade ; foreign policy ; international relations ; international trade ; Nigeria ; Soviet Union
http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341345 (Restricted access)

Nigeria
An administrative history of Ikorodu, 1894-1960 / Faruq Idowu Boge. -
In: Lagos Historical Review : (2014), vol. 14, p. 135-150
ASC Subject Headings: colonial history ; local government ; Nigeria ; towns

Nigeria
Historicizing mental health care services in Lagos, Nigeria, 1960-1991 / Osiomheyalo Idaewor. -
In: Lagos Historical Review : (2014), vol. 14, p. 97-116
ASC Subject Headings: health care ; mental health ; Nigeria

Nigeria
Piracy and Nigeria's national security in the early 21st century / Edmund Chilaka. -
In: Lagos Historical Review : (2014), vol. 14, p. 55-76 : graf., krt., tab
ASC Subject Headings: government policy ; national security ; Nigeria ; piracy

Nigeria
Urban renewal and associated problems in Lagos, 1924-1990 / Lanre Davies. -
In: Lagos Historical Review : (2014), vol. 14, p. 77-96 : tab
ASC Subject Headings: municipal government ; Nigeria ; resettlement ; urban planning ; urban renewal

Sierra Leone
Dealing with the violent past : transitional justice and political culture in Liberia and the Czech Republic in a comparative perspective / Alzbta Sváblová. -
In: Modern Africa : (2016), vol. 4, no. 1, p. 65-90
ASC Subject Headings: Czech Republic ; political attitudes ; Sierra Leone ; transitional justice ; truth and reconciliation commissions

South Africa
"The ancestors are beating us" : men, migration and spirit possession in South Africa / Vendula ezáová. -
In: Modern Africa : (2016), vol. 4, no. 1, p. 107-129
ASC Subject Headings: labour migration ; rural-urban relations ; South Africa ; spirit possession ; Venda

South Africa
An evaluation of a donor funded information and communication technology centre in a South Africa indigenous community : reflections on the Bhamshela telecentre / Ken Chisa and Ruth Hoskins. -
In: African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science : (2016), vol. 26, no. 1, p. 59-71
ASC Subject Headings: community development ; financial aid ; information services ; South Africa

South Africa
The human/animal in contemporary South African photography / Amy Halliday. -
In: Journal of African Cultural Studies : (2016), vol. 28, no. 1, p. 44-60 : ill., foto's
ASC Subject Headings: animals ; man ; photography ; South Africa
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2015.1018148 (Restricted access)

South Africa
Visibility of University of Zululand and Moi University researchers in Web of Science and Scopus from 2003 to 2013 / Dennis N. Ocholla and Daniel C. Rotich. -
In: African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science : (2016), vol. 26, no. 1, p. 3-15 : graf., tab
ASC Subject Headings: databases ; dissertations ; research ; South Africa ; universities

South Africa
Accommodation and tenuous livelihoods in Johannesburg's inner city: the 'rooms' and 'spaces' typologies / Simon Sizwe Mayson, Sarah Charlton. -
In: Urban Forum : (2015), vol. 26, no. 3, p. 343-372 : ill
ASC Subject Headings: buildings ; housing ; South Africa ; towns
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-015-9250-z (Restricted access)

South Africa
Enclaves on edge: strategy and tactics in immigrant business spaces of Johannesburg / Daniel K. Thompson, Richard Grant. -
In: Urban Forum : (2015), vol. 26, no. 3, p. 243-262 : krt
ASC Subject Headings: entrepreneurs ; immigrants ; South Africa ; urban economy ; urban sociology
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-015-9253-9 (Restricted access)

South Africa
Food and the city: urban scale food system governance / Gareth Haysom. -
In: Urban Forum : (2015), vol. 26, no. 3, p. 263-281 : graf., tab
ASC Subject Headings: food security ; food supply ; South Africa ; towns ; urban areas
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-015-9255-7 (Restricted access)

South Africa
Green-sighted but city-blind: developer attitudes to sustainable urban transformation / Leanne Seeliger, Ivan Turok. -
In: Urban Forum : (2015), vol. 26, no. 3, p. 321-341 : tab
ASC Subject Headings: environmental policy ; South Africa ; urban development ; urban renewal
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-015-9254-8 (Restricted access)

South Africa
Integral theory: a tool for mapping and understanding conflicting governmentalities in the upgrading of Cape Town's informal settlements / Ruth Massey. -
In: Urban Forum : (2015), vol. 26, no. 3, p. 303-319 : fig., krt
ASC Subject Headings: governance ; housing ; informal settlements ; South Africa ; urban renewal
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-015-9252-x (Restricted access)

South Africa
Moralising magic? : a brief history of football potions in a South African homeland area, 1958 - 2010 / Isak Niehaus. -
In: Special issue: homelands as frontiers : apartheid's loose ends / [ed. by Steffen Jensen & Olaf Zenker]. (Journal of Southern African studies, vol. 41, no. 5) : (2015), p. 1053-1066
ASC Subject Headings: football ; South Africa ; witchcraft
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2015.1073062 (Restricted access)

South Africa
Vuvuzela magic : the production and consumption of 'African' cultural heritage during the FIFA 2010 World Cup / Duane Jethro. -
In: 'African' : a contested qualifier in global Africa / Marleen de Witte . . . [et al. ]. (African diaspora, vol. 7, no. 2) : (2014), p. 177-204 : foto
ASC Subject Headings: African identity ; cultural heritage ; football ; musical instruments ; South Africa

South Africa
Rugby, gender and capitalism : "Sportocracy" up for sale? / Michelle Mordaunt-Bexiga. -
In: Gender, sexuality and commodity culture / [guest ed. : Desiree Lewis and Mary Hames]. (Agenda, no. 90) : (2011), p. 69-74 : foto
ASC Subject Headings: masculinity ; rugby ; South Africa

Sudan
The colonial linguistics of governance in Sudan: the Rejaf Language Conference, 1928 / Ashraf Abdelhay, Busi Makoni &Sinfree Makoni. -
In: Journal of African Cultural Studies : (2016), vol. 28, no. 3, p. 343-358
ASC Subject Headings: Arabic language ; conferences ; language history ; linguistics ; Sudan
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2016.1146129 (Restricted access)

Sudan
The power of non-governmental organizations in Sudan : do structural changes matter? / Nawal El-Gack. -
In: The Australasian Review of African Studies : (2016), vol. 37, no. 1, p. 52-72
ASC Subject Headings: governance ; NGO ; Sudan

Tanzania
Shared divergence : comparing post-socialist peripheries and predicaments / Juho Korhonen. -
In: Modern Africa : (2016), vol. 4, no. 1, p.35-64
ASC Subject Headings: Eastern Europe ; New World Order ; socialism ; sociology of knowledge ; Tanzania

Uganda
A comparative analysis of library and information science master's degree programmes in Uganda and USA / Dianah Twinoburyo Kacunguzi. -
In: African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science : (2016), vol. 26, no. 1, p. 85-92 : fig., tab
ASC Subject Headings: higher education ; library and information science ; Uganda ; United States ; universities

Zambia
Judicial reform, constitutionalism and the rule of law in Zambia : from a justice system to a just system / Muno Ndulo. -
In: Zambia social science journal : (2011), vol. 2, no. 1, p. 1-26
ASC Subject Headings: judicial system ; legal reform ; rule of law ; Zambia
http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1018&cont...

Zimbabwe
Toxification of national holidays and national identity in Zimbabwe's post-2000 nationalism / Shepherd Mpofu. -
In: Journal of African Cultural Studies : (2016), vol. 28, no. 1, p. 28-43
ASC Subject Headings: commemorations ; national identity ; speeches ; Zimbabwe
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2015.1062354 (Restricted access)

Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe's fast track land reform programme : beyond emancipation, towards liberation / Tinashe Jakwa. -
In: The Australasian Review of African Studies : (2016), vol. 37, no. 1, p. 73-94
ASC Subject Headings: independence ; international relations ; land reform ; sovereignty ; Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe
The opposition, elite competition and the interplay of political conflict in Zimbabwe, 1980 - 2000 / Osarhieme Benson Osadolor. -
In: Lagos Historical Review : (2014), vol. 14, p. 1-22
ASC Subject Headings: Movement for Democratic Change ; political history ; political opposition ; ZANU-PF ; Zimbabwe

Electronic documents

Africa
Constitutionalism and democratic governance in Africa : contemporary perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa / Morris Kiwinda Mbondenyi, Tom Ojienda ; with the assistance of Thuto Moratuoa Hlalele. - [Pretoria] : Pretoria University Law Press, PULP, 2013
ASC Subject Headings: Africa ; constitutional law ; constitutionalism ; democracy
http://www.pulp.up.ac.za/pdf/2013_06/2013_06.pdf

Africa
Three generations of constitutions in Africa : an overview and assessment in social and economic context / Issa G. Shivji . - Dar es Salaam : University of Dar es Salaam, 200X
ASC Subject Headings: Africa ; constitutions
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11810/2118

Nigeria
Challenges facing Shariah courts in Nigeria / Muhammad Jumat Dasuki. - [Ilorin] : Islamic Welfare Organisation, 2015
ASC Subject Headings: 2015 ; conference papers (form) ; courts ; Islamic law ; Nigeria
http://iwf.com.ng/coin_2015_papers/challenges_facing_shariah_courts_in_n...

Nigeria
Challenges of Muslim-Christian co-existence in a multi religious nation : the role of Muslim orthodoxical jurisprudence / by Muhammad Jumat Dasuki. - [Ilorin] : Islamic Welfare Organisation, 2015
ASC Subject Headings: 2015 ; conference papers (form) ; interreligious relations ; Islam ; jurisprudence ; Nigeria
http://iwf.com.ng/coin_2015_papers/challenges_of_muslim_christian_co-exi...

Nigeria
Prophet Muhammad's style of governance : an impetus for viable administration in Nigeria / Yusuf Sherif. - [Ilorin] : Islamic Welfare Organisation, 2015
ASC Subject Headings: 2015 ; conference papers (form) ; governance ; Islam ; Nigeria ; prophets
http://iwf.com.ng/coin_2015_papers/prophet_Muhammad_style_of_governance_...

Nigeria
Towards sustainable development in Nigeria : lessons from Al-Qaraws Dawru l-Qiyam / Khalid Ishola Bello. - [Ilorin] : Islamic Welfare Organisation, 2015
ASC Subject Headings: 2015 ; conference papers (form) ; Islam ; Nigeria ; sustainable development
http://iwf.com.ng/coin_2015_papers/towards_sustainable_development_in_ni...

Northeast Africa
SIHA curriculum for girls inspire a girl, inspire a nation / Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa (SIHA). - Kampala : Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa (SIHA), 2016
ASC Subject Headings: empowerment ; gender roles ; girls ; guidebooks (form) ; Northeast Africa ; world
http://sihanet.org/sites/default/files/resource-download/SIHA%20Curricul...

Northeast Africa
SIHA curriculum for girls inspire a girl, inspire a nation : community builders / Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa (SIHA). - Kampala : Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa (SIHA), 2016
ASC Subject Headings: empowerment ; gender roles ; girls ; guidebooks (form) ; Northeast Africa
http://sihanet.org/sites/default/files/resource-download/SIHA%20Curricul...

Somalia
Stabilization, extraversion and political settlements in Somalia / Tobias Hagmann. - Londen : Rift Valley Institute, 2016
ASC Subject Headings: elite ; financial aid ; foreign intervention ; peacebuilding ; political conditions ; Somalia ; State formation
http://riftvalley.net/download/file/fid/4139

Subsaharan Africa
Good governance and economic prosperity in Sub-Saharan Africa : the Islamic perspective / Tajudeen Egbetunde and Abdul-Hafeez A.A. Adedimeji. - [Ilorin] : Islamic Welfare Organisation, 2015
ASC Subject Headings: 2015 ; conference papers (form) ; economic development ; governance ; Subsaharan Africa
http://iwf.com.ng/coin_2015_papers/good_governance_and_economic_prosperi...

Tanzania
Paradoxes of constitution-making in Tanzania / Issa G. Shivji. - Dar es Salaam : University of Dar es Salaam, 2013
ASC Subject Headings: constitutional history ; constitutions ; Tanzania
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11810/2066

Tanzania
The pitfalls constitution-making in Tanzania : the lessons so far / Issa G. Shivji. - Dar es Salaam : University of Dar es Salaam, 2013
ASC Subject Headings: constitutional law ; constitutions ; Tanzania
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11810/2050

West Africa
Education for the integration of West Africa : the case of collaboration of education faculties in West Africa (CEFWA) / by Alfred A. Adegoke. - Abuja : Association of West Africa Universities, 2015
ASC Subject Headings: 2015 ; conference papers (form) ; educational cooperation ; Nigeria ; universities ; West Africa
http://awau.org/2015_conference_papers/education_integration_west_africa...

West Africa
Problems and prospects of a viable regional inter-university network in West Africa / by Is-haq O. Oloyede. - Abuja : Association of West Africa Universities, 2013
ASC Subject Headings: 2013 ; conference papers (form) ; educational cooperation ; universities ; West Africa
http://www.awau.org/publications/AWAU_Prof_I_O_Oloyede_lecture.pdf

World
What is a constitution? : principles and concepts / [W. Elliot Bulmer]. - [Stockholm] : IDEA, 2014
ASC Subject Headings: constitutions ; world
http://www.constitutionnet.org/files/what_is_a_constitution_0.pdf

Books

Equatorial Guinea
Literaturas hispanoafricanas : realidades y contextos / Inmaculada Díaz Narbona (editora). - Madrid : Verbum, 2015
ASC Subject Headings: Equatorial Guinea ; literary criticism ; literature ; Spain ; Spanish language

Ghana
Spiders of the market : Ghanaian trickster performance in a web of neoliberalism / David Afriyie Donkor. - Bloomington, IN : Indiana University Press, 2016
ASC Subject Headings: economic policy ; folk drama ; folklore ; Ghana ; political ideologies ; protest

Kenya
Coming of age : strides in African publishing : essays in honour of dr Henry Chakava at 70 / edited by Kiarie Kamau and Kirimi Mitambo. - Nairobi : East African Educational Publishers, 2016
ASC Subject Headings: Africa ; book industry ; festschrifts (form) ; Kenya ; publishing

Nigeria
The unseen things : women, secrecy, and HIV in northern Nigeria / Kathryn A. Rhine. - Bloomington, IN : Indiana University Press, 2016
ASC Subject Headings: AIDS ; Nigeria ; women

Senegal
Contes et mythes Wolof : du Tieddo au Talibé / Lilyan Kesteloot et Bassirou Dieng. - Paris : L'Harmattan, 2015
ASC Subject Headings: folk tales (form) ; myths (form) ; Senegal ; Wolof

South Africa
I'm the girl who was raped / Michelle Hattingh. - Cape Town : Modjaji Books, 2016
ASC Subject Headings: personal narratives (form) ; sexual offences ; South Africa

Journals

Zambia
Zambia social science journal. - [Lusaka] : Southern African Institute for Policy and Research
ASC Subject Headings: social sciences ; Zambia

Films

Cameroon
Du piment sur les lèvres = Chilly on the lips / Laurène Lepeytre. - - [S.l. : s.n.], 2015
ASC Subject Headings: authoritarianism ; Cameroon ; corruption ; hip hop ; musicians ; protest ; youth unemployment
#Trailer# =A https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRdCZGbJKOk

African Literature

Cameroon
Journey's end / Ba'bila Mutia. - Bamenda : Spears Media, 2016
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon ; informal settlements ; novels (form) ; poverty

Equatorial Guinea
Arde el monte de noche / Juan Tomás Ávila Laurel ; introducción de José Manuel Pedrosa. - Madrid : Calambur, 2009
ASC Subject Headings: Equatorial Guinea ; novels (form) ; Spanish language

Nigeria
Easy motion tourist / Leye Adenle. - Abuja [etc.] : Cassava Republic Press, 2016
ASC Subject Headings: crime novels (form) ; homicide ; Nigeria

Rwanda
The three books of Shama : a novel / Benjamin Kwakye. - Milwaukee, WI : Cissus World Press, 2016
ASC Subject Headings: novels (form) ; Rwanda ; supreme courts ; United States ; xenophobia

South Africa
Karkloof blue / Charlotte Otter. - Cape Town : Modjaji Books, 2016
ASC Subject Headings: crime novels (form) ; South Africa