INCLUDE evidence synthesis: How does Africa see European and Dutch development cooperation?
Development cooperation is not only assessed by what it delivers. It is assessed by how it is experienced and interpreted within wider narratives about power, history and global economic relations.
A large study by the INCLUDE Knowledge Platform in partnership with research teams across Africa examines these perceptions through five interconnected elements, combining large-scale survey data, continental dialogue, digital listening, rigorous literature synthesis and in-depth country fieldwork (in Kenya, Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, and Senegal). The first building block of this study is the evidence synthesis, which is now available.
The Secretariat of INCLUDE is managed by the African Studies Centre Leiden and the African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) in Nairobi. Read more about INCLUDE.
Posted on 4 September 2026, last modified on 4 September 2026